雨水收集再利用城市雨洪調蓄系統

         雨水收集再利用城市雨洪調蓄系統設(she)施涉及多(duo)(duo)(duo)目標（控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)污染(ran)(ran)、錯峰(feng)、回(hui)用(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)）、多(duo)(duo)(duo)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和多(duo)(duo)(duo)形式，在(zai)《城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)雨(yu)水(shui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄工(gong)程技術規范》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有水(shui)體(ti)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄、綠地(di)(di)廣場調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄、隧(sui)道調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種；在(zai)《城(cheng)(cheng)鎮內澇防(fang)(fang)治技術規范》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)源頭子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)、小(xiao)排水(shui)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和大(da)排水(shui)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),也都有調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄設(she)施從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)綜(zong)合(he)解決雨(yu)洪問題,并非單一(yi)形式、單一(yi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄設(she)施能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)實現。因此(ci)必(bi)須有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)清晰(xi)框架,并合(he)理(li)地(di)(di)納入(ru)到當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)“排水(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇規劃(hua)”、綠地(di)(di)規劃(hua)、相關城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)規劃(hua)和用(yong)地(di)(di)規劃(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。圖(tu)1是從(cong)不同尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)雨(yu)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)給出的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)雨(yu)洪調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)概化示意圖(tu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),小(xiao)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(即在(zai)通常(chang)進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)政管線前的(de)(de)獨(du)立用(yong)地(di)(di)單元內)分(fen)散式調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄,以控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)徑(jing)流排放總量和污染(ran)(ran)、雨(yu)水(shui)利用(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)為主,常(chang)用(yong)雨(yu)水(shui)池桶、生物(wu)滯留設(she)施等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)灰(hui)色及綠色源頭調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄設(she)施,針對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)降雨(yu)事(shi)件來設(she)計設(she)施規模。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(如進(jin)入(ru)市(shi)政的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)排水(shui)區域(yu))往往更(geng)側重于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)徑(jing)流污染(ran)(ran)、防(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)內澇,常(chang)用(yong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節池、儲蓄池、雨(yu)水(shui)濕(shi)地(di)(di)和景觀水(shui)體(ti)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)設(she)施。大(da)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(例如城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)、流域(yu)范圍)除了要涵蓋前兩個(ge)(ge)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)目標外(wai),還需要考(kao)(kao)慮從(cong)更(geng)大(da)范圍和利用(yong)終端設(she)施來控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)超(chao)常(chang)規暴雨(yu),往往還需要考(kao)(kao)慮采(cai)用(yong)大(da)型(xing)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節池、調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄隧(sui)道、多(duo)(duo)(duo)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄公園或開放空間、泛洪調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)蓄區等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)大(da)型(xing)設(she)施才能(neng)(neng)實現其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)效(xiao)果,而且,在(zai)這三個(ge)(ge)尺(chi)(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)之間,也具有十(shi)分(fen)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)耦合(he)和交(jiao)又關系(xi)(xi)(xi),并不是截然分(fen)開。

城市雨洪調蓄系統示意圖：